Annexes

Annex I—Glossary

Citizen data: Data produced by and with sufficient engagement of citizens, communities, civil society organizations, and other actors at the design and/or collection stages of the data process, with the aim of informing decision-making, responding to specific needs of a community, supplementing existing data from the national statistical systems at various levels, or filling data gaps. 

Data disaggregation: The process of breaking down aggregated or compiled data into smaller, more detailed subgroups based on specific characteristics, such as age, sex, or geographic region. It allows for deeper analysis to reveal underlying trends, disparities, and inequalities that may be hidden in the overall data and enables intersectional analysis.

Data governance: The exercise and enforcement of policies, processes, guidelines, rules, standards, controls, roles, responsibilities, and accountabilities to manage data as a strategic asset. It involves a formalized set of policies, standards, and processes aligned with a data strategy, focusing on data quality, availability, usability, integrity, security, and compliance.

Data value chain: The process of data creation and use from first identifying a need for data to its final use and possible reuse. It is comprised of four major stages: collection, publication, uptake, and impact, with 12 substages or steps: identify, collect, process, analyze, release, disseminate, connect, incentivize, influence, use, change, and reuse. It also involves feedback between data producers and stakeholders throughout the process across each of the 12 steps.

General Data Protection Regulation: The European Union’s data protection and privacy law that governs how organizations collect, use, and store personal data across the European Economic Area. It enhances individuals’ rights over their data and requires organizations to handle personal information securely, fairly, and transparently. GDPR applies to data controllers and processors outside of the European Economic Area if they engage in goods and services (paid or unpaid) for data subjects in the European Economic Area. Some multinational companies, organizations, and other data processors outside of the European Economic Area have aligned with GDPR for ease of operations.

Human rights-based approach: A framework that uses human rights principles to guide action and ensure that human rights are at the center of decision-making. Its core principles include participation, accountability, non-discrimination, empowerment, and link to human rights law. It empowers people to take part in decisions that affect them, guides decision-making to align with human rights standards and based on the needs of communities, holds decision-makers to account, and prioritizes the most marginalized communities.

Inclusive data: Data that is representative, especially of those who are often marginalized, ensuring that data is collected for all people, regardless of location, ethnicity, gender, age, disability, or other characteristics. It aims to close data gaps that can lead to discrimination and bias by including data from all available sources and disaggregating it by relevant characteristics to accurately represent different groups.

Intersectionality: The complex interconnected nature of identities and characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, religion, socioeconomic status, disability, and age, which create overlapping experiences of discrimination, disadvantage, and exclusion. In data, intersectional analysis reveals how these overlapping characteristics and identities create distinct outcomes that cannot be understood by looking at one characteristic alone.

Self-identification: A voluntary and confidential process where individuals provide information about their personal characteristics and/or identities, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, sexual orientation, and religion. The information is provided at the individual’s discretion, meaning that they can choose whether to disclose it or not, and it is only used for statistical purposes. It also means that an individual’s characteristics and/or identities are not assumed or guessed.

Annex II—Resource Index